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Hydrogen atoms and hydration water molecules in proteins are indispensable for many biochemical processes, especially enzymatic catalysis. The locations of hydrogen atoms in pro- teins are usually predicted based on X-ray structures, but it is still very difficult to know the ionization states of the catalytic residues, the hydration structure of the protein, and the char- acteristics of hydrogen-bonding interactions. [...]

In the S1 pocket, the serine proteases thrombin and trypsin commonly feature Asp189 and a Ala190Ser and Glu192Gln exchange. Nevertheless, thrombin cleaves peptide chains solely after Arg, and trypsin after Lys and Arg. [...]

Multilayer position-sensitive 10B-RPC thermal neutron detectors offer an attractivecombination of sub-millimeter spatial resolution and high (> 50%) detection efficiency. Here wedescribe a new position reconstruction method based on a statistical approach. [...]

Spin-flop transition (SFT) consists in a jump-like reversal of antiferromagnetic (AF) lattice into a noncollinear state when the magnetic field increases above the critical value. Potentially the SFT can be utilized in many applications of a rapidly developing AF spintronics. [...]